I. BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU VỀ THÌ
Cấu trúc 1
This is the first time + S +have/has+V3/ed: Lần đầu
làm gì
=> S +have/ has +
never + V3/ed+ before
=> S+ have/ has not+ V3/ed+ before
Ex. This is the first time
I have met him
=> I have never met him
before.
=> I haven’t met him
before.
Cấu trúc 2
S + last + Ved + time+ ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì
=> S + have/ has
+never/not+ for + time
=> It’s (been)+ time+ since + S +
last + Ved/2.
=> The last time + S + V
ed/2+ was + time + ago.
•
It's been weeks since his last blog
post.
= It's
weeks since his last blog post.
•
It's been a long time
since I
met him.
= It's a
long time since I met him.
Cấu trúc 3
S + last + Ved …+ when + S + Ved/2+ ago: …lần cuối
cùng …khi…
=> S + have/ has
+never/not+ Since + S + Ved/2
1. I last saw him when I
was a student
=> I haven't seen him since
2. I last had my hair cut
when I left her.
=> I
haven’t
Cấu trúc 4
S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago
(began/ started to V/ Ving: bắt đầu làm
gì)
=> S + have/has + V3/ed / been Ving+ for / since …
Ex: She
began to play the piano 5 years ago
=>
She has played/ has been playing the piano for 5 years
1. I started / begun
studying English 3 years ago
=> I have studied English for 3 years
2. She started driving 1
month ago.
=> She
has driven for 1 month
Cấu trúc 5
Before + S +Ved/3, S + Had + Ved/3
After
+ S + Had + Ved/3, S + Ved/3
When
+ S + Ved/3 , S + Had + Ved/3
1. Before he arrived at
the station, the train had left.
g After
2. After she had done
homework, she went to school.
g Before
Cấu trúc 6
When => How long
When => Since
1. When did you have it ?
Þ
How long have you had it?
2.
When did you buy it ?
=> How long have you bought it ?
Cấu trúc 7
S +
Ved/2 + … + (and) then + S +Ved/2
+ but first
+ S + Ved/2
=> After
+ S + Had + Ved/3, S + Ved/3
=> Before
+ S +Ved/3, S + Had + Ved/3
=> When
+ S+ Ved/2 + S + Had + Ved/3
1. I spent seven years at
secondary school and then I went to university.
=> After I had
2. He did all his work and
then he went home.
After
3. The guests left and
then we tidied the house.
àWhen
WH-QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi có từ
hỏi)
Câu hỏi có từ hỏi bắt đầu
bằng các từ when, why, what, who, which, how ....
1.
Nguyên tắc đặt câu hỏi:
a. Nếu chưa có trợ động từ thì phải mượn trợ
động từ: do / does / did
b. Nếu trợ động từ sẵn có (am / is / are / can
/ will / shall / could / would) thì đảo chúng ra trước chủ ngữ, không mượn do /
does / did nữa.
2.
Một số từ hỏi:
- When?
Khi
nào (thời gian)
-
Where?
Ở đâu (nơi chốn)
-
Who?
Ai (con người - chủ ngữ)
-
Why?
Tại sao (lý do)
-
What?
Cái gì / gì (vật, ý kiến, hành động)
-
Which?
Cái nào (sự chọn lựa)
-
Whose? Của
ai (sự sở hữu)
-
Whom?
Ai (người - tân ngữ)
- How?
Như thế nào (cách thức)
- How
far? Bao xa
(khoảng cách)
- How
long? Bao lâu (khoảng thời
gian)
- How often?
Bao lâu một lần (sự thường xuyên)
- How many?
Bao nhiêu (số lượng – danh từ đếm được)
- How much? Bao nhiêu (giá
cả, số lượng – danh từ không đếm được)
- How
old? Bao nhiêu
tuổi
Ex:
a/ I met my uncle yesterday.
→ Whom did you meet yesterday?
b/ Peter gives me this gift.
→ Who gives you this gift?
c/ Our train is arriving in the evening.
→ When is your train arriving?
d/ I had a cup of coffee and a slice of bread for
breakfast.
→ What did you have for breakfast?
e/ Peter didn’t come to the party because he was ill.
→ Why didn’t Peter come to the party?
f/ It’s Jane’s car.
→ Whose car is it?
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